Essay --

Ameri gage Author, Edgar Allan Poe, wrote short stories that were completely different than any of the other stories you would hear during the nineteenth century. They did in fact though, have a dandy impact on mints lives. Poes stories were mysterious, dark and sinister. People credit Poe with the invention of Science Fiction and Mystery genres. Poe had an impact on not only American Literature, but also on many writers through the years and even singers today. Those are some reasons why Poe should and is included in a coachs curriculum. It is said that Poes stories and poems were filled with terror, fear, death, murder, insanity, torture and the unknown because Poe experienced a large amount of tragedy in his life. His father was an soaking and left Edgar when he was young. Poes give was also out of the picture at a young age due to dying of tuberculosis. His foster mother and his wife also died. Poe was born into poverty, he lived in poverty and he died in poverty. Poe wrote things that other writers found wicked. He wrote stories about human emotions in ship canal other than just being happy or in love. An example is The Tell-Tale Heart. It was considered too vulgar by many, but it was a true problem with people that he had no problem talking about it. The Tell-Tale Heart, is an emotional description of a furious narrator who had heard a mans stubborn heartbeat, still beating, after he had killed him. It is a horror story told from a first-person point of view. This story is famous for showing that a short story can produce such an effect on the reader. Poe always believed that any great literature must create a union of effect on the reader. It has to come apart truth and suggest emotions. The Tell-Tale Heart re... ... too. Poe influenced artists such as The Beatles, Bauhaus, The Alan Parsons Project, The Cure and even Panic at the Disco Poe was on the cover of The Beatles Sgt, Peppers alone(p) Hearts Club Band. The Bauhaus have always had a dark tip to everything and anything they do. It is said that they definitely read The Raven in school. The Alan Parsons Project released a honorable album called, Tales of Mystery and Imagination. It was based off of Poes short stories and his poems. The Cure have always imparted a gothic romanticism in their music, they certainly took pages from Poes stories. Finally, Panic At The Disco may be very pop, punk, dance-dandy guys, but the way they dressed just screamed Edgar Allan Poe. For an author to be in a school curriculum, you do not have to just influence other writers. It is good to be able to inspire and influence all kind of people.

The Mind, Music, And Behavior :: essays research papers

The Mind, Music, and BehaviorabstractThe main purpose of the paper is to investigate and present the relationshipbetween the mind, music, and military personnel behavior. For this purpose, res earch ispresented on previous works and studies that link music with the mind. Based onthis research, music increases neurotransmitter levels. Soft or mellow music hasa list to promote tranquillity, while music with tempo sometimes distracts.Human memories can be cued by music, and music can promote improved learning.The disposition is a two and a quarter pound piece of living organic tissue thatcontrols the human nervous system. Music is a collection of sound waves that circle through the air, and has varying frequencies and tones following adiscernible order. Yet we all recognize the significance of the brain beyond itsphysical function. Our minds are the essence of what we are. The brainenigmatically stores memories, and lets people experience such things as emotion,sensations, and though ts. In the same sense, music is more than just acollection of vibrations. This leads to the question of how does music impressthe mind, and in addition, how does music affect human behavior? The readermight ask why such a question should be relevant. If more is cognize about thepsychological and neurophysiological effects of music on the human mind, thenthe possibilities of this knowledge are unbounded. Music can be used to comprehendsocial and behavioral problems in people with disabilities. The use of music inthe classroom might enhance or weaken a students work characteristics.Therefore, whether the settle of music is positive or negative, much needs tobe explored about the link between the mind and music.Physiologically, the brain receives information about sound waves from the earthrough the auditory nerve. This information is then processed by the brain andanalyzed for the juxtaposition of melody and rhythm. The mixture of melody andrhythm is what we commonly adjoin to as music. However, our minds interpret thisauditory information as more than just sound signals somehow, we are able to variediate between certain types of music, and develop preferences for thesedifferent types. Yet, what are the ways in which the effects of music manifestthemselves?First, there are particular biochemical responses in the human body to music.Research shows that college students, when perceive to music, have moregalvanic skin response peaks, as opposed to when they were not listening tomusic. This research also indicates a significant decrease of noradrenalinelevels in students while they listen to "preferred" music. Norepinephrine is aneurotransmitter that arbitrates chemical communication in the sympathetic

cloning :: essays research papers

Cloning. It looks as if the variant of manipulating nature establish on the base of multiplying human beings is coming within the reach of modern science quickly.Todays scientists have already been able to clone a sheep. The living government issue is Dolly a normal ewe, alive and kicking, shes just an exact copy of her celldonor. When more of less the same technique would be used on gentleman, that would fuddled the solution of mevery an(prenominal) problems.Infertile and gay couples could have a baby by having themselves cloned. Serious diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson could be cured by transplanting unaffected(p) cells ( giftd by an conceptus that is a clone of the patient himself) into the brain. Donor organs would no longer have to come from outsiders, but could be produced with stemcells (cells that carry the authorization to develop into any part of the human body) from the copy of the patient. This process prevents the organ from being rejected by the patients b ody, because it is built out of the same tissue. So whats either the fuss close to?In order to create a kidney for instance, first a complete embryo (a clone of the patient) has to be produced in order to donate the kidney cells. After the embryo has fulfilled its task, it will be aborted. But even producing the embryo by cloning already raises a lot of problems. If cloning is serious on humans in order to provide children it will cause huge infant mortality. When cloned children grow up theyll probably have to face an identity element crisis, because theyll exactly resemble one of their parents. Another disadvantage of cloning is that it can easily be used for a lot of questionable aims, like in the book The Boys from Brazil. My opinion. I admit cloning human beings to grow spare organs is a very tempting idea. On the other hand aborting your take clone sounds awful. Im dead not against normal abortion, but in relation to cloning I feel its somehow wrong.cloning essays re search papers Cloning. It looks as if the variant of manipulating nature based on the idea of multiplying human beings is coming within the reach of modern science quickly.Todays scientists have already been able to clone a sheep. The living result is Dolly a normal ewe, alive and kicking, shes just an exact copy of her celldonor. When more of less the same technique would be used on humans, that would mean the solution of many problems.Infertile and gay couples could have a baby by having themselves cloned. Serious diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson could be cured by transplanting unaffected cells (donated by an embryo that is a clone of the patient himself) into the brain. Donor organs would no longer have to come from outsiders, but could be produced with stemcells (cells that carry the potency to develop into any part of the human body) from the copy of the patient. This process prevents the organ from being rejected by the patients body, because it is built out of the same t issue. So whats all the fuss about?In order to create a kidney for instance, first a complete embryo (a clone of the patient) has to be produced in order to donate the kidney cells. After the embryo has fulfilled its task, it will be aborted. But even producing the embryo by cloning already raises a lot of problems. If cloning is practiced on humans in order to provide children it will cause huge infant mortality. When cloned children grow up theyll probably have to face an identity crisis, because theyll exactly resemble one of their parents. Another disadvantage of cloning is that it can easily be used for a lot of questionable aims, like in the book The Boys from Brazil. My opinion. I admit cloning human beings to grow spare organs is a very tempting idea. On the other hand aborting your own clone sounds awful. Im absolutely not against normal abortion, but in relation to cloning I feel its somehow wrong.

The Federal Governments Effect on Renewable Energy in the United State

The Federal Governments Effect on Renewable Energy in the United States In an article stick on by Reuters on October 24, 2006, the global conservation group, formerly known as the WWF, stated that humans are uncovering nature at an unprecedented direct and will need two planets worth of natural resources every year by 2050 on current trends (Blanchard). The reputation indicates that, if every other country were to intent the same amount of energy as America does, five planets worth of resources would be needed to support the world. America, as genius of the largest consumer countries of energy, has been making attempts to implement methods for exploitation alternate energy sources in order to preserve the already dwindling resources of its environment. Although many advances scram been made in alternate and renewable energy research, one major factor appears to stand in the way of its development the national budget. President George W. Bush and his administration have been making budget cuts in solar and other renewable energy programs due to the programs lack of popularity in the marketplace and little success in research and developmental advancements throughout the years. However, many guidance groups for the use of renewable energy blame the fields slow advancement on the lack of financial support it is being allotted by the federal official government. Without interest, the government will not increase funding, but without funding, the opportunity for interest to expand is minimal. The question of why the federal government has allowed outside interest groups to short-change an influential role on the decisions it makes regarding the nations environmental well being comes into play, as the American universals national opinion continues to be overlook... ...r Beyond Planets Means WWF. Reuters News Service. 24 Oct. 2006. 24 Oct. 2006. n.pag. Doggett, Tom. UPDATE 2-Bush budget cuts solar, renewable energy programs. R euters New. 9 April 2001. 1-4. Morris, S.C. sear Conversion Technologies Some Health and environmental Effects. Science Magazine. 206. 4419 (1979) 654-662.ONeill, Brian C. and Michael Oppenheimer. Climate Change The Untold Story. 13 Sept. 2006. Greenpeace UK. 15 Oct. 2006. 1971-1972.. Skylar, Scott and Kenneth Sheinkopf. Consumer Guide to Solar Energy. Chicago Bonus Books, 2002. 2-24. U.S. national Favors Use of Renewable Energy. Xinhua New Agency. 3 Nov. 1998. 2 Oct. 2006. n.pag. The Federal Governments Effect on Renewable Energy in the United StateThe Federal Governments Effect on Renewable Energy in the United States In an article posted by Reuters on October 24, 2006, the global conservation group, formerly known as the WWF, stated that humans are stripping nature at an unprecedented rate and will need two planets worth of natural resources every year by 2050 on current trends (Blanchard). The report indicates that, if every other country were to use the same amount of energy as America does, five planets worth of resources would be needed to support the world. America, as one of the largest consumer countries of energy, has been making attempts to implement methods for using alternate energy sources in order to preserve the already dwindling resources of its environment. Although many advances have been made in alternate and renewable energy research, one major factor appears to stand in the way of its development the federal budget. President George W. Bush and his administration have been making budget cuts in solar and other renewable energy programs due to the programs lack of popularity in the marketplace and little success in research and developmental advancements throughout the years. However, many advocate groups for the use of renewable energy blame the fields slow advancement on the lack of funding it is being allotted by the federal government. Without interest, the governmen t will not increase funding, but without funding, the opportunity for interest to expand is minimal. The question of why the federal government has allowed outside interest groups to play an influential role on the decisions it makes regarding the nations environmental well being comes into play, as the American publics national opinion continues to be overlook... ...r Beyond Planets Means WWF. Reuters News Service. 24 Oct. 2006. 24 Oct. 2006. n.pag. Doggett, Tom. UPDATE 2-Bush budget cuts solar, renewable energy programs. Reuters New. 9 April 2001. 1-4. Morris, S.C. Coal Conversion Technologies Some Health and Environmental Effects. Science Magazine. 206. 4419 (1979) 654-662.ONeill, Brian C. and Michael Oppenheimer. Climate Change The Untold Story. 13 Sept. 2006. Greenpeace UK. 15 Oct. 2006. 1971-1972.. Skylar, Scott and Kenneth Sheinkopf. Consumer Guide to Solar Energy. Chicago Bonus Books, 2002. 2-24. U.S. Public Favors Use of Rene wable Energy. Xinhua New Agency. 3 Nov. 1998. 2 Oct. 2006. n.pag.

The Many Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Essay -- Argumentative Persua

The Many Benefits of Medicinal marihuanaWhen the religious leadership of Nicholas Copernicus time excommunicated him for his ancestor studies, they ignorantly dismissed a brilliant vagary. The idea that the earth revolved around the sun inherently brought controversy upon the traditional styles of science. A controversy our leaders need to examine is the medical checkup use of marijuana. Instead of banning marijuana and ignoring the public voice, our representatives need to examine the facts and effects of marijuana for medical use. Like Copernicus idea that revolutionized science, changing the way we treat our sick and suffering will benefit our society. The effects of court-orderedizing marijuana for only medical purposes will stop unnecessary legal action and it will change the way doctors treat a number of serious ailments. At the turn of the century, rumors equated marijuana as a substitute for the opiates and intoxicant, thus leading to The cannabis Tax Act of 1937. It was instated with little public notice and without research on the effects of the drug. The Act led to further myths such as the gateway term, which describes marijuana as a drug that leads to more dangerous drug abuse. Since the time our representatives took the uneducated initiative to ban the drug for medical purposes, it has been tested and found innocent of addictive qualities (Bonnie and Whitebread 4). The best established use of smoked marijuana is an anti-nauseate for cancer chemotherapy. During the 1980s, smoked marijuana was shown to be an effective anti-emetic in six different state-sponsored clinical studies involving nearly 1,000 patients (Randall 217-243). According to Peter McWilliams, an AIDS and cancer patient, marijuana gave him the most rel... ...nd Consulted Bonnie, Richard and Whitebread, Charles. The Genesis of Marijuana Prohibition. Schaffer Library of Drug Policy. obtainable httpwww.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr2.htm IOM report sends mixed signals on use of marijuana as medicine. Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Weekly LEXIS NEXIS. Available httpweb.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_ansset=GeHauKO_ Marijuana is a Medicine English Medical Marijuana Flyer. Avaliable http//medicalmarijuana.org/engflyer.htm ON THE RIGHT political update. National Review. Available http//web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_ansset=GeHauKO- The Medical Use of Marijuana NORML. Available httpnatlnorml.org/medical/index.html Woodward, Wc. C. American Medical Association Opposes the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937. Available http//www.pdxnorml.org/AMA_opposes_1937.html

Informations Management

Systems and Management Contents Executive Summary The reports sets about assessing HA Loges topical business operation both in the UK and India, this d atomic number 53 by utilizing three analysis similarlyls, SOOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters Fiver Forces analysis. From the SOOT analysis the reports highlights salwaysal(prenominal) key denominates, which takes the potential of overseas sales in emerging economies and the benefits of having manufacturing faculties in India.The lack of developed e-commerce and the poor utilization of information technology advances have been highlighted as one of the biggest weakness of HA Loges. The PESTLE analysis has shown that while tralatitious consumer (local councils) have less money to sp remainder and sales may decline In the short term, the opportunities from a new Affluent Achievers securities industry h elderlys great promise. The desire for going green In both kindly attitudes and wider environmental laws is overly an opportunity that fanny be exploited for HA Loges gains.Porters Five Forces has highlighted that threat of new entrants is high because the Entry barrier is high as many competitors try to earn merchandise shargon in the business of street article of furniture. The bargaining condition of procureers master(prenominal)s high due to councils trying to stand the lowest impairment possible and high look companies who be sharing / or trying to preface the same grocery store. Threat of substitute productions remains low because of the high saturation of competitors producing similar products. Bargaining power of suppliers is also low thanks to the adduce of manufacturers offering highly competitive prices and low specialization within the market.A new IT portfolio has also been recommend for HA Loges to implement, this includes a complete overhaul of the current ageing IT systems and new website as long as an active social media engagement. A new ERP is vital for HA Loges herea fter and it has been recommended that SAP be implemented across the company and a new website that allow help incr sleep sale within the Affluent Achievers market. The encounters of implementing such changes has also been factored in and explored in details, with the potential of possible issues occurring, such as cater training and skills.The effect that the new portfolio will have on both the suppliers and customers of HA Loges has also been explored and in conjunction with the implementation timeshare, has highlighted the need for a well organized and structured phasing to the new systems. The recommendation is that HA Loges stupefy a multi phased onset to implementing the new systems that includes a pre-stage of evaluation of staff and their ability to use the new systems and a comprehensive training program .This will be remarked by a trial run of the new systems, a soft and partial changeover and then finally a complete switch to the new system, whilst keeping the old s ystems for 2-3 months as a backup. Following the situational analysis of HA Loges current business and the assessment of its IT requirements, our recommendations on what HA Loges requires for the future will allow it to succeed ND grow into new markets and remain profi hedge for the following geezerhood. 1 . Situational Analysis and Strategic Direction 1. 1 . SOOT Analysts 1. . 1 Strengths As it brook be seen from the above table, H. A Logon & Sons, are in an advantageous situation compared to other companies, especially in the United Kingdom. The fact that the company was established since 1952 and has shown stability economically finished time allows the opportunity to create a very strong and powerful name. The brand potential can allow immediate expansion and takeover of the U. K market rely due to its family with the local councils and the animate top of quality product range they have.The market is growing and the low rivalry may allow the company to become market leade rs. The Polls group have conducted a market analysis which shows that a lot of the street furniture companies are under immediate danger (Pillions, 2014). The possession of the Indian factory reduces the cost and get outs a better advantage on the pricing of the products since they can be offered at lower prices. The weaknesses described in the SOOT analysis can be fully exploited and use to the companys advantage.The creation of a website and use of social networking will allow easier market penetration and provide easier and cost effective means to reach the target segmentations. It is however noteworthy that the relationship between the H. Q. In India and U. K should be worked on, as this can be beneficial to the client. Better organizational behavior would effectively mean a better working environment and consequently more efficient production. The operations counsel could be well benefited from such a change. . 1. 3 Opportunities The opportunities created since the budget for immediate reformation came into existence are extensive in various directions. By creating a patriotic slogan, it will enable the enhancement of the companys image, thus gaining an advantage over other competitors, especially since the study(ip) clients of the raimentigating market are the councils. One can argue that here is no better way to spend the tax payers money to a native-born company with a lot of history of consistent quality and relations.The Lugubrious University can be funded in PhD to offer extensive research on lead brightness. Especially since guide lighting market is about to increase by 20% McKinney&Company, 2012) and surpass 20 billion USED by 2020 (Technology, 2014). Biding may be done in the Chinese projects ready to be released in 2017. This is due to the fact that the Chinese government had a problem with the already installed LED Lighting and are expected to replace the lighting introduced. 0-15 to street lighting companies will be able to bid on the project (Magazine, 2007-2014). There is the chance to gain the Chinese market with an upgraded and more professional image. A more environmental friendly approach will attract attention. 1. 1. 4 Threats Even though threats may not be originated from the immediate environment, a company that is trying to hyperbolize globally needs to esteem any potential threat worldwide. The growing expertness of U. S and China on LED lighting may be proven difficult to reach.However with effective research, the knowledge can be obtained and surpass the existing threats. There is growing competition in the Far East and these companies may be favored and correctly encountered. In conclusion, H. A Logon & Sons can expand in other markets such as the Chinese market. They can reach the market segmentation cockeyed achievers through proper marketing and anally they can even expand in the direction of street advertising with minimum be yet great profits.This can be achieved because street furniture is already sold in the local councils. Advertising is a very powerful tool for expansion as it can provide instant change in profits and progression of the company. This idea is already exploited by Caduceus, a French company Caduceus, 2014) and the market is suspected to reach 35. 5 billion USED by 2016 (Edition, 2014). backbone factors for this increase are arbitration, meliorating global economy and digital out of home advertising. 1. 2. PESTLE AnalysisTechnological Technological Improvements Companys spending on R (PhD) Access to newest technology companionable Media ( phylogeny & Usage) Socio-cultural Educational Level CEO friendly habits Turning into Charity Organizations 0 Corporate Social Responsibility (Eunice or other corporations) New market disparate culture organizational Culture (India Manufacture) Population growth Attitudes towards saving and rateing Affluent Achievers Attitudes towards product quality and customer service Political Government regulations econ omic policies Tax policy Trade restrictions Economic Inflation rateI-J is growing economically so more spending to normal products. (Business Economics) China ready to offer projects (LED lights? ) replace rates (entering global market) Fiscal policies (India) increase rates Labor cost minimized Trade flows and patterns (PhD) Environmental Recycling Waste management Attitude toward green or ecological products Legal Law that affects the business environment in Asia Vs. law in the UK Industry specific regulations e-commerce From deducting a PESTLE analysis three major points can be derived and should be exploited. Firstly, countries nowadays are trying to be as CEO-friendly as possible.The CEO-friendly awareness is increasingly more popular, on that pointfore the company should follow an environmental approach. By producing street furniture or more products in particular street lighting that indeed are environmental friendly, the company can attract buyers. Entering an CEO-friendl y mode will show sensitivity company. Thus the councils will be more attracted to the companys products since they will benefit from the CEO-friendly approach. Secondly, the current recession is fade away and the coming years will be marked with an economic boom since England is recovering effectively from the economic crisis (Oxalate, 2013).The increase in income will provide increase in demand as there is a positive relationship between the two variables. This would inevitably mean that the market of the affluent achievers will also increase and this is the market that Loges should concentrate on. A report by the ALGA shows that between 2011 and 201 5 spending cuts will amount to 33% in real terms. It is clear to see that the previous strong consumer base in local councils may falter and as a source of revenue may not be growing, least not in the short term. Therefore Loges should be more aggressive with contract bidding.This also leads to a secondary point that out cash flow in the short term maybe less and more opportunities must be sought out, as well as a better financing (Association, 2013). Thirdly, political factors are defined as political issues which can occur in the company, in the areas where the company is operating, both nationally and worldwide. The effect on business and legislation can be done by political changes and globalization. Government regulations, tax policy and trade restrictions are the main factors that should be taken into notice.Finally, technology is rapidly developing, especially in countries as USA and China hat are more advanced in markets of LED lighting or even street advertising. By investing in technology and creating Research and Development support teams, the company may expertise in LED Lighting sector and can increase its product range such as including interactive panels, which allow advertising to occur. The company may not be directly involved with the advertising but they can actually sell or rent the panels t o the local councils.The councils can choose whether to advertise events or other companies for personal profit. The PESTLE analysis did not raise any flags to any legal concerns or any other matter of the type. 1. 3. Porter fiver forces The threat of new entrants is high. The company is a market leader in I-J and competitors abroad, bigger companies that have better technological equipment and are trying to earn market share in the business of street furniture. They also have better relationships with councils abroad, since Loges company has relationships mainly in UK and isnt established long enough abroad.Furthermore, these companies can take advantage of their bigger brand awareness and make agreements more easily than Lagans company. However, Supply -Side economies of scale are exploited for Loges since they own their supply factory. This spreads the fixed costs over more units. This deters entry by forcing the aspired entrant to come in the industry on a large scale productio n or accept a cost disadvantage. Finally incumbency advantages are independent of size. This effectively means that H. A. Loges are not easily threatened by potential entrants due to their geographical location Cobber, 2010).The bargaining power of suppliers is low. The company has the opportunity to collaborate with many manufacturers as suppliers, which allows the company to easily make an agreement with another supplier. There is adequateness f raw materials, which doesnt allow suppliers to have monopoly on them. Bulk buying can be used and this will result in having discount in price during purchasing. The bargaining power of buyers is high due to the large volume of business agreements between the company and the councils for a wide range of products. Failing at the negotiations with the councils can result in losing a wide range of business projects.Their high power gives them the allowance to force down prices and the Loges company shall accept it since there is the threat of their competitors. The threat of substitute products is low. All companies in the street furniture business manufacture almost the same products and there are no cognize substitutes. LED lights and panels could be characterized as substitute products, but there arent brought in the East Midlands market yet (assumption). In the case that the substitutes are considered high, Loges should distance itself from substitutes through product cognitive process and marketing.The threat of intense segment rivalry is high. In UK during the last years many companies were obliged to exit the street furniture market because of the economic crisis. The companies that survived Loges company), managed to dominate in the I-J market, but as it seems lately there is an increasing number of big companies from abroad that are trying to enter and invest in this market. Rivalry is especially destructive to profitability if it gravitates solely to price because price competition transfers profits direct ly from an industry to its customers.The new market of affluent achievers will likely draw new entrants due to the chance of exploitation. Care should be considered to avoid the above statement. Although H. A Loges will be the first to enter they should do so in a manner that will allow them to establish their network with brand recognition, excellence in customer service and price stability (E. Porter, 2008). 2. metrics,Kip At H Logan, attention has always been paid mostly to their financial metrics as opposed to the inputs that run the numbers.In this section, other possible performance metrics will be discussed according to the new proposed strategy plan. Financial metrics are like descriptive statistics and says something unique about a symptomatic of the whole body of data that might not be obvious from merely reviewing individual(a) finance figures (Tax, 2009). Firms and management require an objective way to tone performance so more often than not, its easier to go strai ght into the result and forgetting to measure also what led to those results.Financial metrics are useful but shouldnt be used on its own because financial performance is a result or consequence of something else (Tax, 2009). Operating metrics are the inputs that correlate or drive the desired outcome, if more attention is paid to the operating metrics then financial outputs wouldnt be a big issue for the organization. Examples of these operating metrics include customer satisfaction, customer repetition, customer referral rate, quality of product etc. This is the aspect of metrics this report will focus on (Tax, 2009). 2. 1 . New Proposed dodge for H.Logan More friendly environmental products(CEO-friendly products) Exploitation of the Affluent Achievers market Investment in research and development team Extension/Reduction in product line Adequate HER staff to deal with staff issues/concerns especially the issue between the Indian office and the WHQL Set clear goals and objectives Encourage customer and staff feedback Possible reduction in staff from both branches(the I-J and India) and training the Taft removed from the office to become call centre staff where they can deal with customer enquiries, queries, complaints and orders (e-commerce) Provision of services, e. . Offering delivery and installation services etc. Website, proper marketing strategy Introduction of new IT software (SAP software) 2. 2. Potential New Metrics for H. Logan Metrics are used for a variety of reasons. Metrics such as market share, sales increases, margins, and customer satisfaction surveys enable firms to take shop of where they are now and where they want to be in the future (Houses & Katz, 1998). Hauser and Katz, 1998 suggest that every metric will affect actions and decisions whether used mainly to influence behavior, to evaluate future strategies, or to take stock.An ideal metrics system should be tied to overall profit, apply to all employees and be designed to encourage u nembellished effort, however if stretched to the limit can result in counter-productive actions. Relating these metrics back to H. Logan, below is an ideal list of what metrics should be measured in their company. beat of how their products and services are perceived in the market- this an be done by market research to mold if people view their products as high end luxury or affordable but quality products etc.Measure how much these affluent achievers are willing to spend on lighting and how often they purchase habitation goods. Organization views it as well. Find out what the customers want- by measuring how often they repeat orders, refer the organizations products to their friends and family, or how often they cancel orders, and how many customers never chase away to H. Logan to buy goods. The Voice of the Employee- this can be measured by finding out what the employees ant, what they value. This can lead to enabling employees make decisions and take actions that they know ar e going to be necessary to achieve their metrics-based goals.A balanced score card system will be implemented in the next part to get fair balance of the new metrics to be measured. 2. 3. Balanced Scorecard A balanced scorecard is a strategic management system used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals (Kaplan & Norton, 2007). The balanced scorecard is a management system that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action.It provides feedback around both the internal business processes and external outcomes in order to continuously improve strategic performance and results. When fully deployed, the balanced scorecard transforms strategic planning from an academic exercise into the nerve centre of an enterprise. The balanced scorecard suggests that we view the organization from iv perspectives, a nd to develop metrics, collect data and analyze it relative to each of these perspectives which include The learning and growth perspective- This entails employee training and corporate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self- improvement.It is the most essential foundation for the success of any organization. The business process perspective- this allows the managers to know how well their business is performing and if it matches their customer requirements. This system should be implemented by those who know the system inside and out. The customer perspective-customer focus and perspective is all-important(prenominal) in any organization and most organizations are extraction to realize the importance of their customers. If customers arent satisfied, it is likely that they will find those suppliers/ organizations that satisfy them.So measuring what customers want and like the type of customers they are and the processes that need to be followed is essenti al. The financial perspective- this is the traditional way of measuring metrics but still useful in measuring the additional financial-related data, such as risk assessment The learning and Growth perspective The business process Perspective The customer The financial goals. Measurement of how much the affluent achievers are willing to spend on lighting ND how often they purchase household goods.Measurement of how their products and services are perceived in the market place by carrying out a market research to determine if people view their products as high-end luxury or affordable but quality products etc. Do the consumers view the products attributes as the same attributes the organization views it as well. Find out what the customers want by measuring how often they repeat orders, refer the organizations products to their friends and family, or how often they cancel orders, and how many customers never return to H.A. Loges to buy goods. How much is available to spend on the new strategy and development. If there isnt adequate funding, how will the organization source for funds. How much profitability lies in the development of the new developments/ strategy/plan. Measurement of how much the new systems will cost and how to priorities the funding of the new system. Measurement of the cost of training staff, R costs and risk assessment. Measurement of the cost of marketing and developing new website. . Portfolio of Systems 3. 1 . Portfolio Enterprise Resource Planning can be crucial to a business, especially one as out- dated as this. As in any other business, processes essential to its success include inventory and order management, accounting, human resources and customer relationship management. At its most basic level ERP Software integrates these various functions into one complete system to streamline the process and information across the entire organization (Devonshire, 2014).First and beginning(a) the company needs to invest in the current website as it is over 10 years old. In todays technological age, online content is more vital than ever so as not to fall behind. The Internet is the way most potential customers will search for H. A Logon & sons and if market emphasizes their greater need to invest in this part of the business. Loges finds itself under intensive pressure from new competition abroad, so they must have some sort of product differentiation to really show prospective customers what they are all about.They should also look to add a separate section to the website specifically for the home solutions potential market. They are what kept the business going when their competitors disappeared and it fits in very well with the strategy to exploit the Affluent Achievers market. This is a new market opportunity and one that must be seized so H. A Logon & sons can progress to the next level. Due to the cost and long-term maintenance of the website, it would be appropriate to outsource the website production and mainten ance too professional company.The company will also need to invest in new IT systems because what exists has been running for over 35 years and has become increasingly unstable. It is important to realize that an ERP system that is not the right fit leads to weigh down the entire organization (lyre, 2012), this is why we have taken special care in limiting down possible systems the company could use such as Oracle, Sage and SAP. Oracle represents more of an integrated system, while Sage pride themselves on the ease of use but the most suitable system for H. A Logon & Sons is the SAP business objects solutions system.This we believe brings a far more holistic process to the table and helps solve some of the problems they have now and reduce the overall cost that comes with implementation. SAGE and Oracle might be better at certain aspects but the SAP system is more consistent across the board as the feature analysis (table 1 below) depicts. The evaluation of the ERP process must co nsider usability as a critical success factor (lyre, 2012) and this is what the SAP system ensures. It provides an intuitive means to unify the information that business users need for their daily activities.It eliminates the need to access quaternary applications, providing relevant information form a central location. This as we can see will already eliminate the problem the company has had over the years where they have to input the same data several times because some systems arent integrated. It comes with Large Scale information distribution, which is very useful as the company has bases in both England and India. This helps because the platform supports distribution of content o up to 1 million recipients and allows the workers have all they need available to them.The most important integration this system brings is helping the company make decisions based on the whole picture. As mentioned earlier, ERP integrates many aspects such as HER, operations etc. The problem with th is is that we tend to gain individual views based on these aspects but the SAP system gives a unified view of the businesses and enables its users to gain fresh new perspectives. Using the computer software approach is beneficial as its cheaper and can be tailored to the needs of the company. Weightings SAP SAGE Oracle

Impact of Globalisation on Africa Essay

This course forget examine the critical and quick changing role of the state at the beginning of a refreshed millenary as a result of internal and external factors, paying special attention to the state as a central player in ensuring the formulation of reality services, as well as lining the new challenges emerging around the world. It get out enable students to assess the impact of worldwide economic loosening and information dissemination on governments and their constituents engage in specific analyses of the changing role of the state, the antithetical actors and stake-holders involved, the mechanisms of brass instrument at different levels and the emerging frustrations and violence. unwrap the capacities of and constraints facing governance routinees critique the manner in which reforms infrataken by governments impact social, cultural and economic maturement and analyse the challenges approach by governance with regard to democratisation To accomplish this , the course is divided into three thematic atomic number 18as 1. The State and the People (internal factors) chthonic this first part of the course, students ordain identify the basic comp unitynts of state-craft, the different actors who accompany into play in decision making, the relative importance of each over the course of history, the constants in different geographic contexts, etc. With the orgasm of fresh economic, social, and environmental challenges, there is a strong sense among governments that their scope for autonomous public action is existence reduced by the forces of globalisation and the consequent growth of inter-dependence among states. sanitary governance in the public sector is a critical factor for continued progress. A determined effort is thus required by governments in refocussing the capacities of the public sector to meet the emerging challenges, and to grasp the opportunities thrown up by the global trends in a new millennium. 2. The State and Globalization (external factors) Under this second part, students will review the process of rapidly increasing globalization, and its impact on the role of the state, the process of increasing inter-connectedness among societies such that events in unrivalled part of the world have increasing effects on people and societies far away.Economically, transnational flows of commodities and production factors, such as capital and labour, are being accelerated. Politically, the reign of nation states is being undermined, and certain kinds of supra-national authorities are being enhanced. Socio-culturally, contacts between peoples in different parts of the world have become easier, enhancing the advent of a global culture and cultural homogenisation.The effect of the integration of markets, new information technology, the erosion of sovereignty, the growing role of non-state actors, and sub-national groups, and an increasing inter-dependence among states, has resulted in the emergence of a global community, global issues, and global actions. Students will analyse the wobbles required in the functions of the state so that it can effectively mitigate the impact of globalization to promise sustainable development, and national security.3. Reconstructing the State (mechanisms of reform) Under this third part, students will review the need for recasting the roles of the institutions of the state, as well as the normal interaction between the various stakeholders the state, the snobby sector and the obliging society. They will analyse and debate on how national governance institutions can be reconstructed and retooled in different contexts within a climate of privatisation, participation, and decentralisation, how local governance can be promoted, how rule of law and regulatory frameworks can be established finished responsible governance, and how democratic space can be created and maintained.This includes engaging civil society and the clandestine sector in a dynamic partnership to improve the tincture of developmental services, enhance social responsibilities, and hold the broadest participation of citizens in civic life. The task o f the state is to take advantage of the forces of globalisation in providing a secure and stable domestic environment. The course will also analyse the manner in which the state can promote the participation of citizens in decision-making, enforce impartial legal frameworks, build transparency and promote accountability and equity, design policies on consensus, and provide strategic vision to overcome the challenges of mitigating the negative impacts of the global economy, transnational bodies, international law, powers and power blocs, and sub-national fringe groups.READINGS While required readings will consist of the following texts which will be placed on reserve in the Library, additional articles for each lesson may also be made available either over email or in hard copy. Some of these articles ar e cited in the various lesson descriptions below. Recommended Texts Globalisation, pitying Development Report 1999, UNDP, available for lighten download at http//hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/ Reinventing Government, David Osborne, 1992. Reconceptualising Governance, Discussion Paper 2, UNDP, January 1997, available for free download at http//magnet.undp.org/Docs/UN98-21.PDF/Recon.htm The Third Wave, by Samuel Huntington, published by the University of Oklahoma Press. Development as Freedom, by Amartya Sen, published by hit-or-miss House prime disks. The humankind Turned Upside Down? Globalization and the Future of the State, by Berry Jones, published by St. Martins Press. Globalisation and its Discontents, by Joseph Stiglitz, published by W W Norton and Company. The Lexus and the Olive Tree, by Thomas Friedman, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. another(prenominal) General Texts Globalisation and the State, World Public Sector Report 2001, united Nation s Civil Society and Political Theory, Arato and Cohen, MIT Press, Cambridge. Democratic Governance, March and Olsen, untried York Free Press. Globalization and the Nation-State, Holton, London MacMillan.2 The Retreat of the State The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Strange, Cambridge University Press. Marc Williams (1996), Rethinking Sovereignty, Chapter 8, Elenore Kafman and Gillian Youngs (Eds.), Globalization Theory and Practice, London Pinter Globalization Theory and Practice, edited by Youngs, London Pinter The Twilight of Sovereignty How the Information vicissitude Is Transforming Our World. Wriston, New York Charles Scribner. Governance in the Twenty-first Century , Rosenau in Global Governance, Vol. 1, No. I (Winter 1995) Globalisation, State Sovereignity, and the Endless Accumulation of Capital. Arrighi.A new version of a paper presented at the States and Sovereignity in the World Economy conference, University of California, Irvine, 21-23 Feb. 1997. What Future for the State?, Strange, Daedalus Vol 124, (Spring 1995), 56. The Defective State, Strange, Daedalus Vol 124, Number 2, Spring 1995. The Retreat of the State The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Strange, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996 Governance and Politics in Africa, Goran and Bratton, Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc. Colorado, USA. Institutions , institutional change and economic performance. North, Cambridge University Press. Making democracy work, Putnam, Leonardi, and Nanette, Princeton Princeton University Press.CLASS POLICIES dissever Participation descriptor participation is of the essence(p) in this course, and therefore, timely and regular class attendance is mandatory. Class attendance will be marked at the very beginning of each class. attendance will be graded. Except for serious emergencies, and medical reasons, which must be brought to notice immediately over email, absences or late arrival will not be excused. It should be clearly no ted that al or so one-third of the Final Grade is dependant on attendance and punctuality. Drafting occurrence stress will be placed in this class on building up an ability to draft assignments and papers in a grammatically go under and logical manner, in presentations that can carry weight and conviction with the reader. The same will hold true of oral presentations in class.Email Because of the importance abandoned to email and web pages, all students must have proper email accounts, and must check them regularly every day. (All email addresses will be gathered in the first class). Students should also maintain a group address (Listserv) of all classmates, including the Professor, so that messages of common interest can be circulated to all. role legislation All email correspondence MUST contain the following four-part Reference Formula in FOUR places, namely, (a) as the only subject of the email (b) as the only first line of the text of the email (c) as part of the header o f any attached assignment, and (d) as the filename of the attachment (initials of university)-(course symbol)-(initials of student)-(assignment number)3 type of the four-part Reference Formula NYU-G-XXX-A (where NYU stands for New York University, G stands for Globalisation, XXX are the students initials in capital letters, and A is the assignment number). Format of assignments Assignments will unremarkably be submitted in hard copies, and must be saved in Microsoft Word (or WordPerfect) format exclusively. They should be saved with the same filename as the Reference Formula above, so that no confusion is ever created. Web-Sites Each student will be encouraged to maintain a personal web-page, which will be graded. (Some tips on the quickest means to establish student web-sites will be discussed in the first class).In addition, a Class Web-Page may also be maintained as a group project. Each student will have to provide a personal thumbnail picture and a few lines of descriptive tex t for this Class Web-Page. These thumbnails have to be provided within the first two weeks of class. early(a) material on the class web-page will include summaries of class notes, and associate to the personal web pages of each student reflecting their respective assignments. Assignments Assignments will include (a) One Mid-Term Paper (4-6 pages, single space, Garamond 12 or 14 pt. font, or equivalent) to be prepared and submitted by the 7th week of class. (b) One Final Paper (14-16 pages, single space, Garamond 12-14 pt. font, or equivalent) to be prepared and submitted by the 12th week of class.(c) Class Notes to be prepared each week by designated students working separately or in couples for each of the class sessions. (d) Oral presentations, supported by Summaries, on some of the essential texts (note The summary of the presentation MUST be circulated to all students and to the professor via email a full 24 hours before the presentation). Class Notes The target area is to m aintain a complete record of the notes from each class on the home-page. The assigned group (which will always be different from the group preparing the presentations) will be responsible for preparation of the class notes.Class notes MUST be written within 24 hours after the class, and then circulated immediately via email to all. Class notes should not be longer then one page and should contain the following 1. The gist of the topics discussed in class. 2. The lessons learned News The daily reading of at least one leading American newspaper (New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, etc), one major foreign newspaper or weekly (London Guardian, Economist, etc), and one major American quarterly (Foreign Report) is required.All are available over the Internet. GRADING POLICY Grading Notes In judging the quality of all assignments, the occur grade for each of these will be divided into three portions, one-third for the quality and formatting of the presentation, one-third for the factual accuracy of research, and one-third for the strength and effectiveness of the opinions expressed. Extra weight will be given for any visible improvement of work manifested over the semester.4Grading values A+ (98-100) A (94-97) A-(90-93) B+ (88-89) B (84-87) B-(80-83) C+ (78-79) C (74-77) C-(70-73) D (60-69) F (59-less) Grading Break-up Attendance and participation Web-page maintenance Assignments (oral and written) Final or Term Paper instrument OF LECTURES30% 10 % 30 % 30 %SESSION 1 INTRODUCTION Class policies and ground rules regarding, drafting techniques, web-sites, email addresses, oral book presentations, etc., and the road occasion of the semester will be discussed in detail. SESSION 2 THE ROLE OF THE STATE RIGHTS, DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS This session reviews the definitions of the state, including the institutions of the legislature, the judiciary, electoral bodies as they have traditionally been conceptualised. What are the duties of the state to the public? What levels of government carry out what duties? How does legislature respond to the needs of the state, its duties and obligations? Governments are established to respond to the needs of their populations?What are these needs? How are they defined? What just do the people have to demand them? How do they make their concerns known? And in turn do they have duties to fulfill in their capacities as private citizens that contribute to the smooth functioning of their governments? What is the role of citizenry in good governance and in the effective functioning of the state? Book debut Globalisation, tender-hearted Development Report 1999, UNDP Other discussion cover Public Sector Management, Governance and Sustainable Human Development. Discussion Paper1. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. January 1995, procurable at http//magnet.undp.org/Docs/UN9821.PDF/Psm.htm The quarrel to the South, The Report of the South Commission, 1992. useable through http//www.southcentre.org/ The Rise of the Bran d State, Peter van Ham, Foreign Affairs, Sep-Oct 2001 SESSION 3 UNDERSTANDING GLOBALISATION This session will attempt to define the parameters of the forces of globalisation in their historical and functional contexts. How does globalisation today differ from its earlier versions? What are the respective roles of the state and the private sector in using theseforces ?How do states, citizens, businesses, benefit from these forces ? Who gains and who loses out in the process. Book Presentation Reinventing Government, David Osborne, 1992. Other dscussion papers Selling Globalization The Myth of the Global Economy, by Michael Veseth Globalisation, Human Development Report 1999, UNDP, Available at http//hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/default.cfm The Clash of Globalisations, Stanley Hoffman, Foreign Affairs, Jul-Aug 2002 SESSION 4 GOVERNANCE AS A elementary PRE-CONDITION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Governance is a basic precondition for sustainable economic, social and political de velopment. This lesson will look at the linkages between governance and development that is sustainable.It will review how systems of governance can effect development positively or negatively and the challenges posed to the state and society. It will also look at accountability and transparency in dealing especially with corruption, which is a major concern in most countries. Book Presentation Reconceptualising Governance, Discussion Paper 2, UNDP, January 1997 Other discussion papers Governance for Sustainable Development, a UNDP Policy Document, 1997, Available at http//magnet.undp.org/policy/default.htm Corruption and Good Governance. Discussion Paper 3. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. July 1997 Available at http//magnet.undp.org/ under Discussion Papers Series. SESSION 5 THE INTEGRATION OF MARKETS, TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATIONThis lesson reviews the impact of globalization on nations and countries all over the world. It examines the development of new technologies, and rapid information commun ications that are breaking down barriers of time and distance. It looks at the effect of unprecedented integration of trade and financial transactions through electronic means and the massive diffusion of information through Internet and satellites. It examines the effect of globalization on the sovereignty of the state and the need for a change in its role. Book Presentation The Third Wave, by Samuel Huntington, published by the University of Oklahoma Press.Other discussion Papers Globalization and the Nation-State, by Robert J. Holton, London MacMillan, Philip G. Cerny (1996), What beside for the State?, Chapter 9, Elonore Kafman and Gillian Youngs (Eds.), Globalization Theory and Practice, London Pinter. The Knowledge Gap, Avinesh Persaud, Foreign Affairs, Mar-Apr 2001 SESSION 6 THE EROSION OF SOVEREIGNTY The process of globalisation is undermining the sovereignty of nation states and will lead to the eventual disintegration of the sovereign states system in international polit ics.The sovereignty of nations is being undermined by multiple sources technology, civil society, global consensus on issues such as human rights, democracy and governance. However, sovereign states are still the basic constituents of the international society. This lesson will look at the effect of globalization on the sovereignty of the state and review policies that need to be adopted to meet the requirements of the international community.Book Presentation Development as Freedom, by Amartya Sen, published by Random House Anchor Books. Other discussion Papers Philip G. Cerny (1996), What Next for the State?, Chapter 9, Elonore Kafman and Globalization Theory and Practice, by Gillian Youngs (Eds.), London Pinter, The Twilight of Sovereignty How the Information Revolution Is Transforming Our World, by Wriston, Walter, New York Charles Scribner, Will the Nation State survive Globalisation, Martin Wolf, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb 2001 SESSION 7 THE GROWING ROLE OF NON-STATE ACTORS The modern state is witnessing civil society, NGOs and the private sector becoming more powerful at the expense of the state. In some countries, the influence of some transnational corporations (TNCs) has become greater than that of the state.These TNCs are the most important single force creating global shifts in economic activity, and their strategies and operations are much influenced by the forces of technological change. Moreover, private investment has become a major source of funding for development activities. How can the state interact with these non-state actors gradually gaining a more prominent role? This lesson explores the different experiences and responses of nations to answer this uncertainty. Book Presentation The World Turned Upside Down? Globalization and the Future of the State, by Berry Jones, published by St. Martins Press. Other discussion Papers Governance in the Twenty-first Century, by Rosenau, jam N. in Global Governance Vol. 1, No. I (Winter 1995) Public Sector Management, Governance and Sustainable Human Development.Discussion Paper 1. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. January 1995, Available at http//magnet.undp.org/Docs/UN9821.PDF/Psm.htm Assignment submission deadline for one of the following topics 1 How is globalization affecting the poor and other disadvantaged groups in developing and developed countries. Each student can either take one rustic or one aspect of globalization to prepare this summary. In other words the unit of analysis could either be one issue/aspect of globalization applied to different countries, or one coun strive through which all aspects are brought together. or 2 Critically examine the problems of the civic and corporate responsibilities of multinational corporations.Students can either choose one company, or prepare a general note to examine how private sector companies can share social and economic responsibility for the communities and groups in which they work. Such responsibilities readiness include, among other possibilities, support to local economic development, increasing sentiency of human rights, supporting the government to fight cross border corruption, etc..SESSION 8 THE change magnitude INTER-DEPENDENCE AMONG STATES there is visible evidence about the emergence of a global community, global issues and global actions. Examples lie in multi-lateral organisations as in the United Nations system, and in regional institutions, as in the European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN, etc. Increasing interaction among states in tackling political, economic and financial issues, has resulted in a growing awareness that interaction at regional and global levels is essential in this globalized world. There is a need to address issues of peace, security, economic stability, poverty and health as global concerns.There is an awareness that global actions are becoming essential in effectively tackling problems which are acquiring global dimensions, for example, drugs, terrorism, global warming, crime, pover ty, illiteracy, AIDS, etc. There is growing awareness also about the concept of global public goods. How can nations deal with this new interdependence? What is the most effective role for the state? This lesson reviews the effect of rapidly increasing globalisation in the 21st Century and its impact on national governments of the North and South. It looks at the issue of global goods, effects on the growth, diffusion of incomes, availability of public services, and increasing inequities within countries and across nations and reviews the need for increased collaboration in policy, with particular emphasis on global governance. Book Presentation Globalisation and its Discontents, by Joseph Stiglitz, published by W W Norton and Company.Other discussion Papers Governance in the Twenty-first Century by Rosenau, James in Global Governance, Vol. 1, No. I (Winter 1995) SESSION 9 THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION AND LOCALISATION Globalization is forcing states to cede some sovereignty over g lobal issues. The greater demand for decentralisation and citizen empowerment is also forcing states to devolve power, authority and finances to local levels. What is the role of decentralisation and how can this be distinguished from the process of devolution, and deconcentration? This lesson will look at institutional changes, experiences in decentralisation and democratic governance.Book Presentation The Lexus and the Olive Tree, by Thomas Friedman, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Other discussion Papers Institutions , institutional change and economic performance, by North, Douglass, Cambridge University Press, 1990. Making democracy work, Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanette. 1993. Reconceptualising Governance. Discussion Paper 2. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. January 1997, Available at http//magnet.undp.org/Docs/UN98-21.PDF/Recon.htm Globalisation, Human Development Report, UNDP, Available at http//hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/default.cfm Globalisation s Democratic Defeat, Joseph Nye, Foreign Affairs, Jul-Aug, 2001 SESSION 10 RETOOLING NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS.Governments and international organisations are faced at all levels with increasing globalisation, population, and growing needs. New forms and ways of government functioning are emerging. The twenty first century is marked by a focus on democratisation, and an increased emphasis on global, national and local governance. The challenge is to restructure national governance institutions to deal with the impact of globalisation and the changing circumstances as well as providing efficient and effective public services with limited funds. Other discussion Papers The new institutionalism Organizational factors in political life. by March, James. G., and Hohan P. Olsen.. American Political Science Review 78 (3) 734-749.SESSION 11 REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS AT THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS The objectives are, ensuring society-based supremacy of laws, e stablishing regulatory systems to set up effective regulatory frameworks and a rights based system, ensuring equal treatment before laws protecting life, property and human dignity. How is law implemented in multijuridical states? What challenges does this present to governments? How does this affect the democratic representation of each citizen? The session will also look at overarching international juridical bodies who designs them, who informs them, how is their mandate determined and implemented.Particular attention will be focussed on the World Bank, the IMF, and the WTO. Country cases are used to illustrate the needs of establishing policies, laws and resource priorities at the national levels to ensure equity and justice, and the upholding of rule of law, bringing security, and predictability to social, political and economic relations in the world. Other discussion Papers The Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations Available at http//www.un.org/Overview/rights. html SESSION 12 BUILDING NEW PARTNERSHIPS WITH CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTORWhat constitutes civil society? What is the most effective role of civil society organisations at the local, regional and global level? Do they and should they have well defined mandates? How can they work collaboratively with government? In addition, beginning with a review of the traditional role of the private sector in the stability of a nation-state,what are the moral, financial and legal obligations that the private sector has both to governments and to its constituents, addressing the question of the appropriate tools for regulation, if any. It examines the vital role of the private sector in good governance and in mitigating the negative effects of globalisation. Other discussion Papers Citizens, change Global Civil Society. CIVICUS.Good Governance and handicraft Policy Are they the Key to Africas Global Integration and Growth?. by Francis and Yates, Alexander World Bank. 1999, Available at http//wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDS_IBank_Servlet?pcont=details&eid=000094946_99032505 585398 Taxes and Bribery The social function of Wage Incentives. Besley, Timothy, and J. McLaren. Economic Journal, Vol. 103, January 1999. Final Paper submission deadline What is the issue of the changing role and power of the nation-state in the face of globalisation.Some argue that invincible globalising forces will inevitably lead to the demise or fatal weakening of the nation-state in international politics. This kind of stock is explicitly presented in titles such as The End of the Nation-State (K. Ohmae, 1996) and The Retreat of the State (Susan Strange, 1996) Others refuse this argument and contend that nation-states will hold fast to their traditional powers and sovereignty. come across the conflicting arguments on the relationship between globalisation and the sovereignty of the nation-state. In doing this, look into the conceptual aspects of globalisation and sovereignty first, pr esent the different views on the subjects, and try to arrive at some conclusions as to what the conflicting arguments imply for human development. or A focused single-topic paper, either on one of the following topics, or on any other relevant topic which is cleared in advance with the Professor (a) Corruption and Accountability.(b) Electoral Reform in Established Democracies. (c) decentralisation and Democracy. (d) The Importance of Rule of Law and Access to Justice. (e) The Limits to the Capacity of the Public Sector. (f) The Uneven Impact of Globalisation. (g) The Erosion of Sovereignty. (h) The Role of Civil Society in the Future World. (i) The Role of Foreign Direct Investment. (j) Information Technology as a Driving Force. (k) Terrorism, causes and effects (l) Poverty and its Effects (m) New Doctrines in Law (n) Free Trade and Protectionism (o) Migration flows in a Globalised world. SESSION 13 FINAL SUMMATION CURRENT GOOD PRACTICES Several modules of good governance exist a round the world.Students will identify different models of good governance and critically analyse its components establishing the reasons for the success of the models and identifying the circumstances where these models could be used as an example of best practices. What does capacity development for governance involve? How is the capacity of a national government assessed and what are the innovative approaches required to create an enabling environment and interrelationship of groups and organisations. Other discussion Papers Governance for Sustainable Human Development. Discussion Paper 7. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. http//magnet.undp.org/policy/default.htm January 1997, Available at Corruption and Good Governance.Discussion Paper 3. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. July 1997, Available at http//magnet.undp.org/ under Discussion Papers Series. The Capacity to Govern Report to the Club of Rome. Yehezekiel, The province Portfolio of Current Good Practices and New Development in Public Services Management, Com monwealth Secretariat. 1996, Emerging Issues in Capacity Development, Proceedings of a Workshop. Institute on Governance, Ottawa, 1994. Spreading the Wealth, Dollar and Kraay, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb 2002 Is Inequality Decreasing, Galbraith and Pitt, Foreign Affairs, Jul-Aug 2002 SESSION 14 watchword ON FINAL PAPERS This session will review the Final Papers of students before the semester ends

Acc 564 Assignment 1

Auditing I Sarbanes Oxley Act Assignment 1 Rachael Lantz 8/15/2012 Since the financial crisis investors have become less confident in the companies inwardly the market. In order to restore confidence at bottom the market and the scrutinises of their financial statements Senator Sarbanes and Representative Oxley created the rule known as the Sarbanes Oxley Act which came into effect in 2002. The legislation created major regulations on compevery financial reporting and the regulation of it.Forcing management to be accountable for the financial reporting and internal controls within their company and requiring the audit charges to report on their opinion of the companys internal processes. (Soxlaw. com) The SarbanesOxley play requires that the audit committee of a existence company consist only of self-supporting members and be responsible for the appointment, termination, and compensation of the audit firm.Because the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 explicitly shifts responsibili ty for hiring and firing of the tender from management to the audit committee for public companies, the audit committee is viewed as the client in those engagements. Because of the lack of independence between the parties involved, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act prohibits related party transactions that involve personal loans to executives. It is now unlawful for any public company to provide personal credit or loans to any director or executive officer of the company.Banks or other financial institutions atomic number 18 permitted to make normal loans to their directors and officers using market rates, such as residential mortgages. This reduces the risk of assets being misused by the management. (Arens, 2010) The risk of malingerer has been reduced since the conversion of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. By requiring that the financial statements are a fair representation of the company the amount of fraudulent statements produced has been reduced. The Act regulates that the main(preno minal) executive officer and the chief financial fficer and the external auditors have reviewed the financial reports and that they are free from material misstatements or misleading information. Section 404 of the act requires that the auditor attest to and issue a report on managements assessment of internal control over financial reporting. To express an opinion on internal controls, the auditor obtains an sagacity of and performs tests of controls related to all significant account balances, classes of transactions, and disclosures and related assertions in the financial statements (Arens, 2010).The act requires management to disclose all material information or changes within their accounting processes. By requiring senior management to review the reports they are held accountable for the financial accounting of the firm, and procedures to prevent employees and other members within an organization from committing fraud or theft and management is legally responsible if materia l misstatements have been made.By making management accountable then they are less likely to commit fraud if faced with jail time. Management and stockholders frequently have different goals. Management often wishes to expand and use the companys assets in different ways than a stockholder. Managements accountability of the financial reports often helps encourage management to use company assets in appropriate ways. Disclosures were also a diminution in risk of fraud because all material information must be disclosed.By requiring this disclosure if a companys net income gaind this family due to a change in accounting method or principle this information must be disclosed in the one-year report. (sec. gov) The public company accounting oversight get on, PCAOB is a non-profit organization created by the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 to oversee the audits of public companies. The PCAOB helps to protect the investors from fraud by regulating auditors requirements within the Sarbanes Oxley Act (pcaobus. org).PCAOB Standard 2 requires that the audit report on internal control over financial reporting under Sarbanes-Oxley include the auditors opinion as to whether managements assessment of the design and operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting is fairly stated in all material respects. Management must document the design of controls, including all five control components and also the results of its testing and evaluation. The types of information pull together by management to assess and document internal control effectiveness can take many forms, including policy anuals, flowcharts, narratives, documents, questionnaires and other forms that are in any paper or electronic formats. The process to develop the auditors opinion involves both evaluating managements assessment process and arriving at the auditors independent assessment of the internal controls design and operating effectiveness (Arens, 2010) With the handing over of the act in 2002 there are now laws governing the blood between corporations and the auditing firms, the requirement of auditors to be rotated on a regular basis, and the enforcement and regulation of internal controls.Accounting professionals such as Certified Public Accountants have seen an increase in the demand of the services since the act has been put into action. And senior auditors have become more involved within the audit committee. The relationship between auditors and their clients has changed since the passage of the act. With rotation requirements auditors are no longer influenced by management to report anything other than their independent opinions. (aicpa. org) Since the passage of SOX Act the auditing profession has been regulated for the first time.The PCAOB board members are appointed by the Securities and Exchange Commission and therefore government regulated. Under these regulations investors and potential investors are better protected from fraud. By requiring the auditors to be accountable as well as the management the public are given a better more accurate representation of the company in the annual report. With these regulations in place and the increases in regulations within the future the amount of frauds will reduce each year. After the passage of the act with the exception of the years 2007 and 2009 the fair(a) number of disciplinary actions against auditors is four.With the board regulating auditor standards the temptation to report incorrectly on an audit has decreased. For instance the board is in the process of amending the act to disclose relationships with related parties and their transactions because these transactions are hard to account for and propose a threat to misstatements (sec. gov). References Arens, Elder, Beasley, 2010 Custom Edition, Auditing and assurance services, Pearson Publishing. http//www. soxlaw. com/index. htm http//pcaobus. org/Pages/default. aspx http//www. sec. gov/about/laws/soa2002. pdf http//www. aicpa. org/Pages/Default. aspx

Capital Mortgage Insurance Corporation Essay

1. Find appropriate place with a just environment to conduct duologues. 2. Talk to both parties to chance on their specific issues that need solving, identify what is spill to be needed to uprise solutions in the short and long term. Take note of each parties information link to issue at hand which can be used to corroborate information during the negotiating process. 3. Make a thorough assessment of the situation in assure to be able have an easier transition into the negotiation process. 4. Pick a good alternative that impart accommodate the stipulations of the joint agreement policy.IDENTIFY AND line THE STEPS OF THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS1. First thing it should be done, is that parties involved in the negotiating process will share their case. An agreement should be reached on what is the intention of the negotiating process, which will help to come to a solution of the issue at hand. 2. Parties should say what is that needs to be replaced.3. Parties should try to come to a consensus about what will be a good settlement package. Parties should be giving an updated estimate which includes all the changes make. And last parties should be willing to tradeoff concessions with the goal of gain an agreement 4. And last the negotiating parties agree to the end result of their negotiations, and also agree to abide by the agreement.IDENTIFY GUIDELINES TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION DURING THE NEGOTIATIONMotivate negotiating parties to make open minded to facilitate communication. Should encourage parties to open up about themselves, listen attentively and empathize with them to make them feel that your purpose as to find a solution that best fits their wants. Pay attention to detail and how the conversation is conducted, you want to get to a mortalal level, in order to have good interactions which can go a long way. In this phase it will be a good idea that the negotiating parties offer the shareholders alternatives which clearly define expectations and con demnation lines.IDENTIFY QUESTIONS THAT SHOULD BE ASKED DURING THE NEGOTIATIONAt the beginning of the negotiating process questions be in such a way do not have a fixed answer, example what is your opinion about this company? What these type of questions do is that help the negotiating parties to make an assessment of what the other company wants to achieve. At no sequence ether party should make any concrete resolutions until there is a clear path to be taken. When the negotiating process begin either path is going to bring their buying agreements, an effort should be made in order for them to come to a consensus on a price, once this reached an agreement should be made that parties understand that it will be the final offer and they could not go below it.IDENTIFY THE CHARESTIRISTICS OF THE NEGOTIATION STYLES1. Adjust your behavior to empathize with fellow negotiating party in order to foster a productive negotiating environment. 2. As a negotiator understand expectations from pa rties in the negotiating process to produce solutions that makes them feel like they had a fair negotiating process outcome. 3. be proactive in the acquisition of information.IDENTIFY AND APPLY GUIDELINES THAT YOU SHOULD FOLLOW WHEN THIS NEGOTIATION BECOMES CHALLENGINGYou can identify when a negotiation is about to have a negative turn by observing peoples nonverbal language, this should be taken as a sign that a change of strategy merits change this can accomplished as follows. 1. Share information that will help present your case better in which the other person can see an opportunity to be able to also gain in the negotiating bargaining process. 2. Also a strategy to use when the process takes a negative tone, the best will be to keep a posture of silence listen and observe. 3. And last when closing the negotiating process, wrap it up in such a manner that if not accepted by the other party it will give a sense that the alternative will be no deal at all.

SWOT Analysis on Electronic Arts Sports Essay

Background of the CompanyElectronic Arts (EA) are an international organization that deals with the development, marketing, make and distribution of exposure games all over the world. US census bureau identified electronic arts as software publishers industry. EA is well-established and independent producers of video games and concord to the study by Thompson (2007), EA made global market up to $35 trillion. In 2005, it was observed that the US made sales up to $7 billion along with the video games made by EA, and this amount was predicted to grow more in order, to set a record. The prediction was made on the analysis that retailers would be purchasing an Xbox 360, Sonys new play station and Nintendo Wii in bulk. But, unfortunately, the originality of new consoles tapered off and a decline in sale was observed by 2010. There are various factors that contribute to progress the popularity and demands of video games among masses.Likewise, these video games were made, themed and style d to satisfy needs of all age groups specifically youth. Secondly, graphics play an meaning(a) part in expanding the fame and demand of video games. EA showed a tremendous growth in the global market by meeting the needs of customers and by marketed the items properly, on the dot according to the increasing budgets, sale promotions and advertisement levels.The growth of the company is evidenced that from the increased employee requirement and industry size. No matter, up to what extend the company has grown, in the competitive market there are always some opportunities, and threats that based on the companys strengths and weaknesses (Allen, Blakeman, & DeMaiolo, 2011). This paper serves to provide the SWOT analysis of EA sports video games in order to evaluate that where EA sports stands in the globalManfred, T. (2013, September 26). EA Sports Cancels Its College Football Video Game Amid A Wave Of Lawsuits. Retrieved November 17, 2013, from businessinsider.com http//www.businessin sider.com/ea-sports-cancels-ncaa-football-videogame-2013

Memorable Movements

The honorable event I would like to talk here is the spring outing activity that happened on my middle civilize stage. At that time, my classmates and me were most about twelve or thirteen years old, non more than fourteen. We had our spring outing on one sunny saturday. Accompanyed by laughters and singings, we marched towards our destination on bikes. The destination was located on a foot of a mountain, where there were a lot of t wholly trees and a river pass by. We caught several(prenominal) fishes from the river, and picked up some branches from the small grove.Besides that, we also constructed oursleves cooking stove. There were so many joyful things happening, that I can not tell you all of them. One thing I remember deeply is the simple noodle cooking. Several classmates with me took charge of cooking noodle unfortunately, we are all not ripe cooks at that age, we even do not know the correct order to cook a bowl of noodle. So we put all the vegetables and noodles as wel lhead as some beefs into the water together before it boiled. After that we also try to stir it just like our parents did at home.When all our work finished, our classmates began to enjoy our food. Can you imagine the scene, green noodles,over-fried fishes, luckily, the taste were not bad, even we could say fairly tasty. Apart from that, we still had some sweet potatoes being well cooked. totally of the food were eaten out quickly, including our green noodles. Even nowadays when I cook noodles it will remind me of this spring outing, I think the reason why I remember it deeply is probably it is the first time I cooked food, while it received an unexpected welcome.Moreover, personally, I believe the green noodles are quite engaging visually. I enjoy my time at school greatly, there are my best friends, my lovely teachers, and interesting knowlege. Each holiday I can not help expecting the coming of the new semester. I would be willing to introudce it to others, as it indeed is a go od place for studing and living. In fact, it is so famous and popular in our local area that almost everyone knows it and eagers to be admitted by it without any others recommendation. Nowadays, the competition to enter it is more ane more intense.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 Essay

Today we will be discussing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 or HIPAA. As some or most of you may know HIPAA was enacted by the federal government in 1996 and by definition is a federal fairness that mandates insurance portability and sets up procedures for electronic data deputise (Austin & Wetle, 2012). This laws purpose is to protect patients privacy, none of a Patients Health education (PHI) is to be used or released without the patients consent. HIPAA is superior to state laws, so that no subject area where the patient lives they are protected.The only time HIPAA is not superior to state law is if the state law has a higher standard, as in keeping an account of disclosures for eight years rather than the sixsome required by HIPAA law we would follow the state law in this case. Key factors that all wellness care employees should know about HIPAA are as follows. Who is covered by HIPPA? Health care providers, clearinghouses, and wellness plans t hat are compelled to protect PHI for oral, paper, and electronic communications (Harman, 2005) are all covered by HIPAA.Another mark factor about HIPAA is, knowing what information is protected and what is ok to be unwrap. PHI is not to be disclosed unless the patient gives their consent, anything with personal identifiers is off limits, demographic data, past, present and future health conditions, provisions of care and past, present, or future payment information (U. S. Department of Health & Human Services, n. d. ) are all protected. Information that offer be disclosed is called de-identified health information, information without any identifying factors.The only required PHI disclosures are to the patient if they postulate it. If a facility fails to abide by the laws they will be fined. Any person who obtains or discloses identifiable PHI can face a criminal penalty of up to $50,000 and up to one year in prison (U. S. Department of Health & Human Services, n. d. ) the person will likely be terminated from their repose as well.These regulations effect the management of employees, patients, resources, and ealth care because everyone needs to be trained in HIPAA practices and know the laws and regulations. Patients need to understand and sign consent forms and be made aware of what their rights are through the policy. One could claim HIPPA makes for more paperwork however it is crucial to protect our patients privacy and the relationship with our outside resources. in one case completely understood by all of the staff, and patients everyone will understand how valuable HIPAA really is.

Importance of Criminal Justice Administration

Class whitlow Justice face Date 9/10/2012 Importance of Criminal Justice Administration The role of a Criminal Justice Administrator is to manage a wretched fittingice system. She/ He direct the administration of the day-to-day operations, participates in administrative decision making, enforce policies and procedures, and sets work flow priorities. Criminal evaluator executive directors also call do agencies budget, policies and program requirements. Each public agency, according to its primary function, has a support team.The criminal justice administrator is in charge of supervising all agency staff which can accommodate lawyers, judicial clerks, secretaries, investigators and farm animal officers. He/ She review and approve their reports, as it is his responsibility to make sure all information is straight and prep ared in accordance with established policy and procedure. The United States criminal justice system is a system that acts to enforce the criminal laws of the country. In the United States, the criminal justice system is divided in three categories federal, state and military.In addition to these three categories, each state has separate divisions that deal with adult and upstart cases. Each of these systems is comprised of three major components. The first component of the criminal justice system and perhaps the virtually important and dangerous is law enforcement. This includes the local police department with all of its police officers and detectives. These people straits the criminal justice system because they are the ones responsible for finding and capturing individuals who break the laws set off by the state, federal government or the military.The second component is the court the court system includes prosecution and confession lawyers, judges and juries. These individuals make sure offenders are given fair trails. Judges, also known as finders of facts, reckon the cases and preside over the participants to make sure that a ll laws are followed while the cases are being tried. near cases are tried in front of a judge only, while others have a dialog box of 12 citizens who determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant based on facts brought forth during a trial.The last but not least is corrections. The correction system, which is tightly intertwined with the previous two components, is very important and quite large. The correction individuals ensure that a defendants punishment and all of its stipulations are carried out. Like any organization, state and local criminal justice agencies must deal with issues of organizational oversight and employ the management styles that best allow them to achieve their objectives of crime prevention, adjudication of criminal offenses, and punishment of offenders.In todays world we have developed different styles of management that could apply to law enforcement agencies, criminal courts, and correctional facilities and departments. In my opinion managers are m ore important than supervisor because they have more responsibilities under their shoulders. Systems management requires a complete approach to organizational leadership, which involves not only management of personnel, but also of organizational knowledge. A systems approach to management recognizes the complexity of modern organizational processes.In this perspective, organizations function based on the information and selective information that employees can access. A successful agency must properly manage all of these elements. Features of systems management include specialization within components of a large system and coordination among different components. System management could serve criminal justice agencies well, and some organizations exhibit elements of this approach. For example, many large law enforcement organizations have specialized divisions, such as homicide, gang enforcement, vice, and others, but with cooperation among these different units.In general Criminal Justice Administration it is important because in do for law enforcement agencies to work properly a Criminal Justice Administrator pick outs to be in charge. Law enforcement agencies and organizations devoted to research in the field of criminal justice administration sometimes need professional researchers to perform ongoing work. Examples might include research into the most effective ways to release criminal justice agencies and how budgets impact the administration of criminal justice.Administrators may have tasks that can include mathematical models and other methods in order to assess policies so those in the administrative side can make informed decisions. I personally believe that Criminal Justice Administration is not failing it just have its ups and downs. We have to keep in mind that in order for a criminal justice administrator to be successful he/she has to have a good working idea of the levelheaded system and the role they play in it.

In The Skin Of A Lion Michael Ondaatje Essay

In the apologue, In The grate Of A Lion Michael Ondaatje anatomizes the relationship between power and language and their nonion on oneself establishing a consciousness of identity operator. The manipulative language and the complex structure Ondaatje uses explores this idea of power and its inevit satisfactory relationship with a experience of identity, which is even further accentuated through use of characterization throughout the reinvigorated.Ondaatje shines light on the unheard corners of accounting to give the disenfranchised migratorys a sense of power, which in turn provides them with an enriched sense of self. This is represented in the novel through the migrant workers. Ondaatje expresses this through harsh sensory mental imagery when describing them, by saying, The smell of tar seeps up through the porous body of their clothes.The black of it permanent under their finger nail This sensory imagery and hyperbole, permanent under their finger nails, allows the rea der to empathise with the workers and therefore relate to the harsh conditions in the workplace. In this quote Ondaatje signalises the workers through use of impersonal pronouns, their, then taking away their sense of personal identity. The migrant workers not being allowed to keep their own name further depict lack of identity, seen in quote, The project agent giving them all English Names. Charlie Johnson. Nick Parker. Enabling the reader to understand the complex effect a persons identity has when establishing power.Language displays and intricate relationship with power and acquisition of a personal identity. The migrant workers be forced to communicate in English, a language they are not conversant in. If they speak in any language other than English, they will be jailed. A blueprint of the city. Thus the migrant workers are disempowered thus depriving them of their cultural identity and preventing them from uniting to become a efficacious body. Ambrose, on the other hand , is a Canadian that has complete grasp on the English language. He is straightaway portrayed as a Jackel, a buying up every field of wealth thus representing the gap between the rich and the poor, the native and the foreign and the sense of power that is established through language.The image of power, and its liaison with identity, is further develop through characterization. Nicholas Temelcoff is a character that shows immense power through his actions, Ondaatje describes him as solitaryHe is burly on the ground and then falls with terrific speed, invest, using the wind up to push himselfHe is a spinner. He links everyone This description represents Temelcoffs power through his skill and conquest of his trade. Although he may be uneducated, he remains a figure of supreme skill and grace when he is on the bridge. It portrays Temelcoffs heroic nature, which is as well as an allusion to the Epic of Gilgamesh in which the title is derived from.The use of repetition on he is sho ws Temelcoffs masculinity and when intermingled with Ondaatjes poetic prose he is portrayed as a muscular hero of the story. The audience immediately perceives Temelcoff as a hero and thus sympathizes with him and his plight. There are also distinct parallels between these characters and the Epic of Gilgamesh as the novel follows pattern of Legend, also seen in Christopher Voglers writing. Their circular nature is further accentuated, as certain lines out of Skin of a Lion are the selfsame(prenominal) from Gilgamesh these are the days that belong to the moon. Thus, Ondaatje characterizes Temelcoff to glorify him and the workers, which in turn results in them being presumption prominence in the novel. This reveals that Temelcoffs strong sense of identity, which he has established through his trade, has been crucial for his powerful status in the novel.The nonlinear plot structure that Ondaatje uses, portrays Patrick as having to a greater extent power as the novel progresses, th is enables him to establish a stronger sense of identity. In the chapter of the searcher it is evident that Patrick is confused with his identity. Represented in the perpetual shifts in perspective and also the confusion Patrick shows in his life. When in his apartment, Patrick is described as walking,Into the empty rooms, gesturing towards the disconnected things he was trying to assemble, broken glass and crockery. Ondaatje uses the state of his apartment as a metaphor to describe the chaotic and disarrayed identity of Patrick, which is powerless and confused about who he truly is. An example of self-reflexivity in the novel is when Alice says to Patrick, you reach people through metaphors, this reflects that Ondaatje intentionally uses these metaphors to develop the story and create textual integrity.The disordered state of Patrick in the searcher is contrasted in the chapter Maritime theatre where the writing structure is much more linear. This structure reflects that he has found a purpose and knows his objectives, subsequently leading to a heightened sense of identity Ondaatje also uses the symbol of dynamite to show the power now has over Harris. When Harris asks Patrick, What do you want? Who are you? Patrick replies, I am Patrick Lewis. This expresses the sense of identity Patrick has finally gained throughout the novel finally being able to answer the question of who he really was.